Portrait
Jie (Sophia) Gao

Many people don't know how to pronounce my name. Please call me Sophia to make your life easier!

Malone Postdoc Fellow
Johns Hopkins University
HCI × SE × AI
Travels
  • ICSE/ICPC 2026 Apr 12 – 18, 2026 · Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • ICLR 2026 Apr 23 – 27, 2026 · Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Past
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On the job market for a tenure-track position. Reach out if you know any opportunities or want to connect!

I am a Malone Postdoc Fellow in the Department of Computer Science at Johns Hopkins University, affiliated with the Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare and the Center for Language and Speech Processing. I am mentored by Mark Dredze, Ziang Xiao, and Chien-Ming Huang. My research lies at the intersection of Human-Computer Interaction, AI, and Software Engineering. [more]

I design, build, and evaluate human-AI collaborative systems that empower people to understand and work with subjective and interpretative data, such as qualitative interviews and source code. As AI takes on increasingly autonomous roles in data analysis and software development, I study how humans can effectively collaborate with and evaluate AI in professional workflows.

My long-term goal is to make human-AI collaboration truly effective and trustworthy. I want to help people accomplish more with AI while keeping them in control, especially in subjective and high-stakes tasks where human judgment matters most.

I mainly pursue two complementary directions:

Bring AI to Humans

Integrating AI into human analytical workflows to help people tackle complex tasks beyond their current expertise. For example, a novice researcher can conduct rigorous qualitative analysis, and a new developer can comprehend unfamiliar codebases.

AI-Assisted Qualitative Analysis Codebase Onboarding/Understanding Developer Experience

Bring Humans to AI

Studying when and how humans should supervise, validate, and provide their judgement in AI's autonomous process, especially for subjective, high-stakes work.

AI Agent Oversight Trustworthy AI Societal Impact
Publications
Topic
Venue
MindCoder: Automated and Controllable Reasoning Chain in Qualitative AnalysisPreprint
MindCoder: Automated and Controllable Reasoning Chain in Qualitative Analysis

Jie Gao, Zhiyao Shu, Shun Yi Yeo, Alok Prakash, Chien-Ming Huang, Mark Dredze, Ziang Xiao

2025

MindCoder: Automated and Controllable Reasoning Chain in Qualitative Analysis

Jie Gao, Zhiyao Shu, Shun Yi Yeo, Alok Prakash, Chien-Ming Huang, Mark Dredze, Ziang Xiao

2025

Understanding Codebase like a Professional! Human–AI Collaboration for Code ComprehensionICPC 2026
Understanding Codebase like a Professional! Human–AI Collaboration for Code Comprehension Featured

Jie Gao, Yue Xue, Xiaofei Xie, Junming Cao, SoeMin THANT, Erika Lee, Bowen Xu

The 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension (2026)

Understanding Codebase like a Professional! Human–AI Collaboration for Code Comprehension

Jie Gao, Yue Xue, Xiaofei Xie, Junming Cao, SoeMin THANT, Erika Lee, Bowen Xu

Featured

The 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension (2026)

CollabCoder: A Lower-barrier, Rigorous Workflow for Inductive Collaborative Qualitative Analysis with Large Language ModelsCHI 2024
CollabCoder: A Lower-barrier, Rigorous Workflow for Inductive Collaborative Qualitative Analysis with Large Language Models Featured

Jie Gao, Yuchen Guo, Gionnieve Lim, Tianqin Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Toby Jia-Jun Li, Simon Tangi Perrault

ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2024)

CollabCoder: A Lower-barrier, Rigorous Workflow for Inductive Collaborative Qualitative Analysis with Large Language Models

Jie Gao, Yuchen Guo, Gionnieve Lim, Tianqin Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Toby Jia-Jun Li, Simon Tangi Perrault

Featured

ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2024)

CoAIcoder: Examining the effectiveness of AI-assisted human-to-human collaboration in qualitative analysisTOCHI 2023
CoAIcoder: Examining the effectiveness of AI-assisted human-to-human collaboration in qualitative analysis Featured

Jie Gao, Kenny Tsu Wei Choo, Junming Cao, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Simon Perrault

ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (2023)

CoAIcoder: Examining the effectiveness of AI-assisted human-to-human collaboration in qualitative analysis

Jie Gao, Kenny Tsu Wei Choo, Junming Cao, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Simon Perrault

Featured

ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (2023)

A Taxonomy for Human-LLM Interaction Modes: An Initial ExplorationCHI EA 2024
A Taxonomy for Human-LLM Interaction Modes: An Initial Exploration Featured

Jie Gao*, Simret Araya Gebreegziabher*, Kenny Tsu Wei Choo, Toby Jia-Jun Li, Simon Tangi Perrault, Thomas W Malone

Extended Abstract of ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2024)

* equal contribution
A Taxonomy for Human-LLM Interaction Modes: An Initial Exploration

Jie Gao*, Simret Araya Gebreegziabher*, Kenny Tsu Wei Choo, Toby Jia-Jun Li, Simon Tangi Perrault, Thomas W Malone

Featured

Extended Abstract of ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2024)

* equal contribution
Differences of Challenges of Working from Home (WFH) between Weibo and Twitter Users during COVID-19CHI EA 2022
Differences of Challenges of Working from Home (WFH) between Weibo and Twitter Users during COVID-19

Jie Gao, Xiayin Ying, Junming Cao, Yifan Yang, Pin Sym Foong, Simon Perrault

Extended Abstract of ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022)

Differences of Challenges of Working from Home (WFH) between Weibo and Twitter Users during COVID-19

Jie Gao, Xiayin Ying, Junming Cao, Yifan Yang, Pin Sym Foong, Simon Perrault

Extended Abstract of ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022)

From Noise to Nuance: Enriching Subjective Data Annotation through Qualitative AnalysisThe 4th HCI+NLP Workshop at EMNLP2025
From Noise to Nuance: Enriching Subjective Data Annotation through Qualitative Analysis

Ruyuan Wan, Haonan Wang, Ting-Hao ‘Kenneth’ Huang, Jie Gao#

# advising author
From Noise to Nuance: Enriching Subjective Data Annotation through Qualitative Analysis

Ruyuan Wan, Haonan Wang, Ting-Hao ‘Kenneth’ Huang, Jie Gao#

# advising author
VISAR: A Human-AI Argumentative Writing Assistant with Visual Programming and Rapid Draft PrototypingUIST 2023
VISAR: A Human-AI Argumentative Writing Assistant with Visual Programming and Rapid Draft Prototyping

Zheng Zhang, Jie Gao, Ranjodh Singh Dhaliwal, Toby Jia-Jun Li

Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (2023)

VISAR: A Human-AI Argumentative Writing Assistant with Visual Programming and Rapid Draft Prototyping

Zheng Zhang, Jie Gao, Ranjodh Singh Dhaliwal, Toby Jia-Jun Li

Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (2023)

Help Me Reflect: Leveraging Self-Reflection Interface Nudges to Enhance Deliberativeness on Online Deliberation PlatformsCHI 2024
Help Me Reflect: Leveraging Self-Reflection Interface Nudges to Enhance Deliberativeness on Online Deliberation Platforms

Shun Yi Yeo, Gionnieve Lim, Jie Gao, Weiyu Zhang, Simon Tangi Perrault

ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2024)

Help Me Reflect: Leveraging Self-Reflection Interface Nudges to Enhance Deliberativeness on Online Deliberation Platforms

Shun Yi Yeo, Gionnieve Lim, Jie Gao, Weiyu Zhang, Simon Tangi Perrault

ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2024)

LLMs as Research Tools: Applications and Evaluations in HCI Data WorkWorkshop Proposal
LLMs as Research Tools: Applications and Evaluations in HCI Data Work

Marianne Aubin Le Quéré, Hope Schroeder, Casey Randazzo, Jie Gao, Ziv Epstein, Simon Tangi Perrault, David Mimno, Louise Barkhuus, Hanlin Li

ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2024)

LLMs as Research Tools: Applications and Evaluations in HCI Data Work

Marianne Aubin Le Quéré, Hope Schroeder, Casey Randazzo, Jie Gao, Ziv Epstein, Simon Tangi Perrault, David Mimno, Louise Barkhuus, Hanlin Li

ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2024)

GlassMessaging: Towards Ubiquitous Messaging Using OHMDsIMWUT 2023
GlassMessaging: Towards Ubiquitous Messaging Using OHMDs

Nuwan Janaka, Jie Gao, Lin Zhu, Shengdong Zhao, Lan Lyu, Peisen Xu, Maximilian Nabokow, Silang Wang, Yanch Ong

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (2023)

GlassMessaging: Towards Ubiquitous Messaging Using OHMDs

Nuwan Janaka, Jie Gao, Lin Zhu, Shengdong Zhao, Lan Lyu, Peisen Xu, Maximilian Nabokow, Silang Wang, Yanch Ong

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (2023)

Characterizing the complexity and its impact on testing in ml-enabled systems: A case sutdy on rasaICSME 2023
Characterizing the complexity and its impact on testing in ml-enabled systems: A case sutdy on rasa

Junming Cao, Bihuan Chen, Longjie Hu, Jie Gao, Kaifeng Huang, Xuezhi Song, Xin Peng

IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (2023)

Characterizing the complexity and its impact on testing in ml-enabled systems: A case sutdy on rasa

Junming Cao, Bihuan Chen, Longjie Hu, Jie Gao, Kaifeng Huang, Xuezhi Song, Xin Peng

IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (2023)

Software

I love building software that helps people solve real problems. I value reproducibility and open source.

Topic
CodeMap
CodeMap

A human-AI collaborative tool for code comprehension. Helps developers understand complex codebases through interactive visualization and AI-guided exploration.

2026

CodeMap

A human-AI collaborative tool for code comprehension. Helps developers understand complex codebases through interactive visualization and AI-guided exploration.

2026

MindCoder
MindCoder ↗ mindcoder.ai

An AI-powered platform for flexible qualitative data analysis. Supports open coding, sub-theme grouping, and theme generation with human-AI collaboration.

2025 – 2026

MindCoder ↗ mindcoder.ai

An AI-powered platform for flexible qualitative data analysis. Supports open coding, sub-theme grouping, and theme generation with human-AI collaboration.

2025 – 2026

CollabCoder
CollabCoder

A GPT-powered workflow for collaborative qualitative analysis. Enables multiple researchers to code data together with AI assistance, improving inter-rater reliability and efficiency.

2024

CollabCoder

A GPT-powered workflow for collaborative qualitative analysis. Enables multiple researchers to code data together with AI assistance, improving inter-rater reliability and efficiency.

2024